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迈向良好治理:海洋掠夺背景下小规模渔业区域的转型

2026-08-24 16:49:34

Cite this article

Machado, I.C., Jankowsky, M. Transformation towards good governance in small-scale fisheries territory under ocean grabbing. Anthropocene Coasts 9, 34 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44218-026-00143-y

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摘要 / Abstract

Part.01

小规模渔业正面临着多重冲突，而这些冲突日益构成一种蓝色不正义的局面。本研究位于巴西圣保罗州的一处渔业区域，当地正面临由拉丁美洲最大港口发展所引发的海洋圈占问题。

Small-scale fisheries face multiple conflicts that increasingly define a scenario of blue injustice. Our study occurred in a fishing territory under ocean grabbing driven by the Latin America’s largest port, located in São Paulo State, Brazil.

针对这一情景，我们采用了一种跨学科的研究方法，组织渔民参加研讨会，讨论渔业区域与港口区域空间重叠所造成的后果；同时，对相关机构行为主体进行了访谈，以了解他们对冲突的看法以及他们在地方治理中所扮演的角色。

To address this context, we adopted a transdisciplinary approach, organizing workshops with fishers to discuss the consequences of overlapping fishing and port territories and conducting interviews with institutional actors to understand their perceptions of the conflict and their roles in local governance.

基于这些结果，我们进一步召集利益相关方开展参与式情景研讨，以设计改变当前现实的策略。这一过程确定了四个需要优先推进的领域：协商机构、环境许可、社会参与以及港口活动监管，这些领域被认为是推动改变的关键，并针对每个领域共同制定了具体策略，最终形成行动计划。

Building on these results, we convened stakeholders in a participatory scenario exercise to design strategies for transforming this reality. The process identified four priority spheres: Negotiation Body, Environmental Licensing, Social Participation, and Regulation of Port Activities, considered essential for change, and for which specific strategies were co-developed to form an action plan.

然而，由于机构行为主体的参与程度有限，加之正式治理机构始终难以建立，这一努力受到削弱。涉及多个利益相关放参与的共建过程在关于海洋掠夺日益加剧的共同理解上达成了共识。

However, this effort was weakened by limited engagement from institutional actors and by the persistent difficulty of establishing a formal governance body. The co-construction process involving multiple stakeholders converged on a shared understanding of the advancement of ocean grabbing.

从互动治理的角度来看，在元秩序层级上，目前仍难以真正承认小规模渔业及其知识的价值。即便如此，本研究促进了不同治理层级之间的互动，并支持研究人员与渔民共同构建了一份文件，以期为二级环境许可过程提供支持。

From the perspective of Interactive Governance, the meta-order still struggles to recognize small-scale fisheries and their knowledge. Even so, the research fostered interactions among governance orders and supported the co-construction of a document with fishers as a contribution to second-order environmental licensing processes.

我们还观察到一些积极变化，包括渔业社区获得了更多认可，以及渔民之间的参与和互动得到加强。要实现真正有意义的转型，必须构建一种新的叙事，以提高小规模渔业的可见度和价值，而科学研究可以在这一过程中发挥关键作用。

We also observed gains, including greater recognition of fishing communities and strengthened engagement among fishers. For meaningful transformation, a new narrative must be built to enhance the visibility and value of small-scale fishery, and scientific research can play a key role in this process.

关键词 / Keywords

Part.02

手工渔业、互动治理、海洋掠夺、港口、跨学科研究

Artisanal fishery, Interactive Governance, Ocean grabbing, Port, Transdisciplinary research

重要图件/ Figures

Part.03

图1 Baixada Santista地区，包括桑托斯港、红树林、城市区域、保护区以及疏浚沉积物海洋倾倒区

Fig. 1 Baixada Santista region, including the Port of Santos, mangroves, urban areas, protected areas, and oceanic disposal sites of dredged sediments

图2 研究方法各阶段及其预期成果的示意图

Fig. 2 Diagram of the methodological stages and their expected outcomes

图3 巴西圣保罗州 Baixada Santista 地区小规模渔业中海洋掠夺的主要方面

Fig. 3 Aspects of ocean grabbing in small-scale fishery in the Baixada Santista region, São Paulo, Brazil

图4 环境退化、渔场丧失和人类安全丧失三类影响的记录，体现了海洋掠夺不同维度之间的相互关联

Fig. 4 Records of impacts grouped into environmental degradation; loss of fishing grounds and loss of human security, representing the interconnected dimensions of ocean grabbing

图5 参与式情景规划研讨会中讨论的两种情景。左侧为小规模渔业崩溃情景，右侧为小规模渔业可持续存在情景。插图作者：Beatriz Campolim

Fig. 5 Scenarios discussed in the participatory planning workshop. On the left is the collapse scenario, and on the right is the SSF viability scenario. Author: Beatriz Campolim

图6 对组成情景研讨过程的两次研讨会的评价结果

Fig. 6 Results of the evaluations of the two workshops comprising the scenario workshops

图7 本研究提出的良好治理框架的示意图

Fig. 7 Diagram framework for good governance in this research

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期刊介绍

●EISSN 2561-4150

●CN 31-2227/P7

●中国科技期刊卓越行动计划二期高起点新刊

●High-Starting-Point New Journal of the China Science and Technology Journal Excellence Action Plan (Phase II)

●主办单位：华东师范大学

Host: East China Normal University

●期刊链接：Journal link:

https://www.springer.com/journal/44218

●投稿链接：Contribution Link:

https://www.editorialmanager.com/anth

●收录情况：ESCI、Scopus、中国科学院文献情报中心期刊分区表、新锐分区

Anthropocene Coasts is indexed in ESCI, Scopus, CSCD-JCR, and Xinrui Journal Ranking.

●注：稿件应尽可能全面。支持结果的数据应直接在文中提供，包括在相关补充材料中，或存档在适当的公共档案中。

Note: Manuscripts should be as comprehensive as possible. Data supporting the results should be provided directly in the paper, included in the associated supplemental materials, or archived in an appropriate public archive.

●没有明确的与人类活动有关的多学科融合内容的论文更适合其他对应学科的期刊，不太可能被考虑出版。(征稿范围详见《人新世海岸（英文）》五年寄语)

Submissions that do not have a clear human or multidisciplinary component are more suited to one of the existing discipline-based journals and are unlikely to be considered for publication. (Please refer to "Gao, S., Townend, I. Anthropocene Coasts: 5 years on. Anthropocene Coasts 5, 9 (2022). ")