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基于STM32的农业物联网网关设计与实现

  • 2026-06-24 14:55:25
基于STM32的农业物联网网关设计与实现
农业是国民经济的基础产业。农业物联网是发展现代农业的重要途径之一,对我国农业经济发展有深远且积极的影响,其利用各种传感设备测得作物生长环境参数,再使用通信技术将环境参数经网关转发至服务器,从而实时监测作物的生长环境。但是面对农业生产地形各异、种类繁多、规模不一的复杂情况,现有网关无法灵活的调整通信方式、数据传输速率、传输距离等各项参数,且通信协议各异。为解决以上问题,本文选取高性能、低功耗、资源丰厚的STM32作为开发平台,设计并实现农业物联网网关,可根据实际农业生产场景和功能需求灵活选取通信方式以及通信协议,提供给用户一个支持多通信接入、多协议转换以及通信模块配置的平台,具有较强的适用性和实际应用价值。 
根据物联网三层架构的特点,将网关设计分为三层:通过ZigBee、LoRa、蓝牙、RS485通信方式,将感知层采集到的农业环境数据上传至网络层。网络层中使用自定义的Kframe结构体作为中间桥梁,实现Modbus、ZigBee、GSXY、LWXY四种通信协议之间的两两转换,并使用WiFi或GPRS无线通信方式,将协议转换后的数据上传至服务器。用户在应用层对通信方式和通信协议进行选取,并对通信模块的参数进行配置调试。通过网关功能测试的结果表明,农业物联网网关达到了设计的预期目标。 
北方民族大学的祝珂主要研究成果:(1)为了适应农业生产场景复杂、环境多变的特点,本网关提供对ZigBee、蓝牙、LoRa和RS485下行通信方式以及WiFi和GPRS上行通信方式的支持。可通过预先配置,满足用户灵活选取通信方式的需求,在保障网关广泛接入需求的同时还具有更好的通用性。(2)针对农业物联网网关适配协议繁杂的问题,提出Kframe结构体模型,作为Modbus、ZigBee、GSXY和LWXY协议之间转换的桥梁,实现市面上多数网关通信协议的两两互换,经过测试还发现Kframe结构体具备优秀的兼容新网关通信协议的潜在价值。(3)为确保网关传输数据的安全性,在农业物联网网关的设计中使用改进的RSA加密算法,对传输的农业数据进行加密,从而进一步提高了农业物联网网关的安全。
参考文献：
[1]祝珂. 基于STM32的农业物联网网关设计与实现[D].北方民族大学,2022.

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000623s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=h_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000874s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000397s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000302s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000556s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000221s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000728s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 555179 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000441s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1782291275 WHERE `id` = 555179 [ RunTime:0.002223s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000260s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 555179 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000402s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 555179 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001173s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 555179 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.004012s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 555179 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000946s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 555179 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.001729s ]
0.111311s