《农业与食品化学杂志》│全组分石莼浆料构建的Pickering乳液用于姜黄素包埋及激光辅助食品3D打印

Fig. 2. (A) Visual appearance, (B) microscopy images (bright-field and cryo-SEM), (C) centrifugal stability, and (D) water holding capacity of the UPEs prepared with 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% corn oil by volume, respectively. Different letters indicate significant differences between different samples (P < 0.05).

Fig. 3. Rheological properties of UPEs prepared with 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% corn oil by volume, respectively. (A) frequency sweep, (B, C) strain amplitude sweep (storage modulus: G′ and loss modulus: G″), (D) shear rate sweep, (E) thixotropic recovery tests, and (F) dynamic temperature sweep tests.

Fig. 4. Intermolecular dynamics of UPEs prepared with 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% corn oil by volume, respectively. (A) Magnetic resonance image and (B) relative intensities of the signals, (C) T2 relaxation time distribution curves. (D) Appearance and (E) optical microscopy images of UPEs after storage at 4 °C for 0, 15, and 30 days. Different letters indicate significant differences between different samples (P < 0.05).

图5.分别在pH 3、5、7、9和11条件下合成的UPEs的表征。(A宏观外观；(B)光学显微镜图像；(C)平均粒径直径；(D)色差分析；(E) ζ-电位测量。在Ca²⁺浓度为0.01、0.05和0.1 mol/L条件下制备的UPEs的流变学特性，包括(F)应变振幅扫描；(G)频率扫描；(H) 剪切速率依赖性；(I)平均粒径分布和(J)光学显微照片

Fig. 5. Characterization of UPEs synthesized under pH of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11, respectively. (A) Macroscopic appearance, (B) optical microscope images, (C) average particle diameter, (D) chromatic aberration analysis, and (E) zeta potential measurement. Rheological properties including (F) strain amplitude sweep, (G) frequency sweep, and (H) shear rate dependence, along with (I) mean particle size distribution and (J) optical micrographs of UPEs fabricated with Ca2+ concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mol/L. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) between experimental groups is denoted by distinct alphabetical superscripts.

图6. UPEs（20-50%玉米油，v/v）在不同条件下姜黄素的保留率：(A)常温避光储存（25 °C/避光，10天）；(B) UV-B激光照射（16小时）；(C)热处理（90 °C，60分钟）；(D)光学图像；(E)游离脂肪酸释放曲线；(F)姜黄素释放模式；(G)体外模拟消化模式下UPEs（20-50%玉米油稳定）与纯玉米油中姜黄素分散液的姜黄素生物可及性

Fig. 6. Curcumin retention in UPEs (20–50% corn oil, v/v) under various conditions: (A) ambient storage (25 °C/light, 10 d), (B) UV–B laser exposure (16 h), and (C) thermal treatment (90 °C, 60 min). (D) Optical images, (E) free fatty acid release profiles, (F) curcumin release pattern, and (G) curcumin bioaccessibility of in vitro simulated digestion patterns for UPEs formulated with 20–50% (vol) corn oil stabilization, contrasted against curcumin dispersions in pure corn oil matrices. Letters indicate statistical significance between experimental groups (P < 0.05).

图7.(A)预设计的打印模型、激光3D打印机机械结构的示意图和照片。(B₁-C₄) 激光辅助3D打印负载姜黄素的UPEs的打印照片，包括顶视图和前视图。比例尺为1 cm。(D₁-D₄) 挤出打印前后负载姜黄素的UPEs的T₂弛豫时间分布比较。(E₁-E₂) 磁共振成像。挤出打印前后负载姜黄素的UPEs的流变学特性。(F₁-F₄) 频率扫描（储能模量：G′，损耗模量：G″）。(G₁-G₄) 剪切速率扫描。(H₁-H₄) 触变恢复测试

Fig. 7. (A) Predesigned printing model, schematic diagram and photograph of a laser 3D printer’s mechanical architecture. (B1–C4) Printed photographs of laser-assisted 3D printing curcumin-loaded UPEs prepared with corn oil at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% (v/v), respectively, including top and front views. The scale bar is 1 cm. (D1–D4) Comparative T2 relaxation time distributions and (E1–E2) MRI of curcumin-loaded UPEs incorporating 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (v/v) corn oil concentrations pre- and postextrusion printing. Rheological properties for curcumin-loaded UPEs formulated with corn oil at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% (v/v) pre- and postextrusion printing. (F1–F4) Frequency sweep (storage modulus: G′ and loss modulus: G″), (G1–G4) shear rates sweep, and (H1–H4) thixotropic recovery tests.