双语新闻故事丨世界农业文化遗产:浙江青田稻鱼共生系统

Located in Zhejiang Province in southeastern China, Qingtian County is surrounded by mountains and seems unsuitable for farming. To overcome the geographical limitations, its inhabitants innovated the practice of raising fish in rice fields. Based on a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between rice and fish, this more than 1,300-year-old practice has enriched the traditional definition of agriculture.

位于中国东南部浙江省的青田县，四周群山环绕，看似并不适宜农耕。为了突破地理条件的束缚，当地居民开创了稻田养鱼的新方法。这种基于水稻与鱼之间互利共生关系的耕作方式已有超过1300年的历史，拓展了传统农业的内涵。

In June 2005, this exemplary agroecological system was included in the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) list by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. This recognition was a first for both China and Asia.

2005年6月，“稻鱼共生”这一典范性的农业生态系统被联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)列入世界重要农业文化遗产名录。这也是中国乃至亚洲首次获此殊荣。

In Zhou'ao Village of the county, Ye Lingmei, a nonagenarian, is the oldest person who has mastered this traditional technique. She passed it on to her son Lin Guoping, who became the sole prefectural-level inheritor of the intangible heritage of rice-fish culture in the county.

在该县的周岙村，年逾九旬的叶玲梅（音译）是掌握这项传统技艺中最为年长的一位。她悉心将此技艺传授给了自己的儿子林国平（音译），而林国平也因此成为了该县稻鱼文化非物质文化遗产的唯一县级传承人。

The rice-fish farming, once a complementary food source, is now generating additional income, leading to its wide adoption in recent years, even in other countries. In 2019, Lin returned to China from the Czech Republic, where he was doing business, to popularize the traditional technique of incubating fry. He made this decision both to be able to look after his elderly mother and also due to a sense of duty.

“稻鱼共生系统”曾用于补充口粮，而如今它却能创造额外的收入，这一转变使得该系统在近年来得到广泛应用，甚至走出国门。2019年，正在捷克共和国经商的林国平做出了回国的决定，致力于推广传统的鱼苗孵化技术。他之所以做出这个选择，既是为了能照顾年迈的母亲，也是出于对传承这一传统技术的责任感。

Lin's village, Zhou'ao, has seen the exodus of young people to cities and even to other countries. Upon his return, Lin found that very few villagers were still using the traditional technique of fish farming, even though the village lies in the core protection zone of the rice-fish cropping system. “In rural Qingtian, the fish-breeding technique is transmitted within families, and it will be lost if young people don't learn it,” he said.

林国平所在的周岙村，年轻人纷纷涌向城市，甚至远赴他国。回国后，林国平发现，尽管村子位于稻鱼共生系统的核心保护区，但仍在使用传统养鱼技术的村民已寥寥无几。“在青田农村，养鱼技术都是家族传承，如果年轻人不学习这项技术，它就会失传。”他说道。

Lin spent two years learning the technique from his mother. He then managed to raise more than RMB 3 million to set up a rice-fish farming cooperative. In addition to training fish technicians, the cooperative has established a research base in cooperation with Shanghai Ocean University, which combines modern technology with the traditional fry farming process to improve the output and quality of the “rice fish” (a species of carp).

林国平花了两年时间从母亲那里学习这项技术。之后，他成功筹集了超过300万元人民币的资金，并成立了一家稻鱼养殖合作社。该合作社不仅负责培训养鱼技术人员，还与上海海洋大学携手合作，共同建立了研究基地。通过结合现代技术和传统的鱼苗养殖工艺，他们致力于提高“稻鱼”（一种鲤鱼）的产量和品质。

Under Lin's leadership, the village's fish farming area has grown from some three hectares two years ago to more than 30 hectares today. His objective is to encourage more people to learn the technique in order to realize common prosperity by promoting this agribusiness with local features and ecological benefits. “Future generations will be able to enjoy the authentic taste of Qingtian's rice fish,” he added.

在林国平的带领下，该村的养鱼面积从两年前的约3公顷扩大到如今的30多公顷。他的目标是鼓励更多人学习这项技术，通过推广这一具有地方特色和生态效益的农业产业来实现共同富裕。他补充道：“后世子孙将能够品尝到青田稻鱼的纯正风味。”

The winners of the Golden Ox 2022, an annual award recognizing leadership in rural revitalization and common prosperity in Zhejiang, were unveiled in Hangzhou on February 7, 2023. Xu Guanhong, CEO of Qingtian Yugong Agricultural Technology Co., stood out among 97 candidates from across the province, along with nine other winners. The secret of his success is precisely the rice-fish farming practice.

2022年度“金牛奖”的获奖名单于2023年2月7日在杭州揭晓，该奖项旨在表彰在浙江省乡村振兴与共同富裕事业中做出杰出贡献的领导者。青田愚公农业科技有限公司的首席执行官徐冠洪，在全省97名候选人中脱颖而出，与其他九位杰出人士共同荣获此奖项。他成功的关键正是“稻鱼共生”这一创新实践。

Now 52, Xu used to be a high school physics teacher and then a businessman in France. After the recognition of rice-fish farming by FAO, he staked his future on the rice fields of his native village. He returned to China in 2007 and rented and cleared 3.3 hectares of land to establish his Yugong ecological farm. Yugong is a legendary figure in Chinese mythology who led his family members to move the mountains in front of their village with pickaxes, shovels, and baskets so that subsequent generations would no longer be stranded there. By naming his farm after the legendary figure, Xu showed his perseverance and commitment to the business.

现年52岁的徐冠洪，早年曾是一名高中物理教师，随后在法国经商。在稻鱼养殖系统获得联合国粮农组织的认可后，他毅然决定将自己未来的事业重心放在故乡的稻田之上。2007年，他返回中国，租用并着手清理了3.3公顷的土地，创建了愚公生态农场。“愚公”源自中国神话，是一位传奇人物，他率领家人使用镐、铲和篮子，移走了阻挡村庄前路的大山，确保后世子孙不再受困于此。徐冠洪以这位传奇人物命名自己的农场，彰显了他对这一事业的坚持和执着。

During the first few years, he saw no returns from his investment but continued to learn from agricultural technicians and the elders. A few years later, his efforts finally paid off.

在最初几年里，他的投资并未见到回报，但他继续向农业技术人员和长辈们学习。几年后，他的努力终于得到了回报。

Xu developed an organic, circular method of rice-fish cultivation that does not require weeding, fertilizer or pesticide. He also built a center for the protection of original Qingtian rice fish species, the collection of alpine species in the vicinity, and the introduction of modern glasshouses and artificial propagation technology. Through his efforts, the breeding period was shortened from two years to one. To increase the survival rate of fish, he developed a technique to delay broodstock reproduction and set up a fish disease detection room to provide free services to fish farmers.

徐冠洪研发出了一种有机循环的稻鱼共生养殖方法，这种方法无需除草、施肥或施用农药。此外，他还建立了一个中心，旨在保护青田原生稻鱼品种、收集周边高山地区的物种，并引入了现代温室技术和人工繁殖技术。在他的不懈努力下，稻鱼的养殖周期成功地从两年缩短至一年。为了进一步提高鱼的成活率，他创新性地开发了一种延缓亲鱼繁殖的技术，并设立了鱼类疾病检测室，为养鱼户提供免费的检测服务。

Under the aegis of the local government, Xu has participated in targeted aid projects as part of the coordination between China's eastern and western regions. For example, he introduced Qingtian's rice-fish technique to Gulin County in Sichuan Province and promoted his rice-fish farming model in 11 provinces with suitable conditions, including Anhui, Hubei, and Fujian, providing local farmers with fry and technology to help them raise their incomes.

在当地政府的支持下，徐冠洪参与了中国东西部地区协作的定点帮扶项目。例如，他将青田特色的稻田养殖技术引入四川省古蔺县，并在包括安徽、湖北、福建在内的11个条件适宜的省份推广其稻田养殖模式，为当地农民提供鱼苗和技术支持，从而助力他们增加收入。

重点词汇

agricultural heritage 农业文化遗产

Rice-Fish Farming System 稻鱼共生系统

Eco-agriculture 生态农业

incubation 孵化

Targeted Aid Projects 对口帮扶