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FH| 东北农业大学齐宝坤团队:大豆油体纯度与稳定性的双重提升:一种亚硫酸盐介导的温和界面调控策略

  • 2026-05-12 09:36:13
FH| 东北农业大学齐宝坤团队:大豆油体纯度与稳定性的双重提升:一种亚硫酸盐介导的温和界面调控策略

 Food Hydrocolloids| 大豆油体纯度与稳定性的双重提升:一种亚硫酸盐介导的温和界面调控策略

近日,东北农业大学齐宝坤团队在《Food Hydrocolloids》期刊上发表了题为《Dual enhancement of purity and stability in soybean oil bodies: a mild sulfite-mediated interfacial regulation approach》的研究性论文(一区,IF:12.4)。该研究针对大豆油体提取过程中外源蛋白吸附引发的桥接絮凝、体系失稳的核心问题,采用不同浓度亚硫酸钠溶液浸泡大豆提取油体,系统探究了其对油体稳定性与界面行为的调控规律,分析了亚硫酸钠浓度对油体粒径分布、界面蛋白构象、界面吸附动力学及流变特性的影响,揭示了亚硫酸钠可通过碱化、盐析与还原的三重协同效应,选择性脱除油体表面外源蛋白;其中 0.1 M 亚硫酸钠处理可显著优化油体界面蛋白构象,大幅提升界面膜成膜能力与体系稳定性,而过高浓度则会破坏油体蛋白天然结构,最终为植物油体的温和提取与稳定化制备提供了理论支撑与新方法。

Background

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在食品、医药和化妆品行业中,乳化剂是稳定多相体系的核心关键组分,而传统合成乳化剂正面临可持续发展受限与消费者对 “清洁标签” 追求的双重挑战。植物油体是植物种子中的亚细胞器,以甘油三酯为疏水核心,外包镶嵌油质蛋白的磷脂单层膜,其独特的 “疏水锚定 - 亲水外露” 拓扑结构使其成为极具潜力的天然乳化剂替代品,但其规模化应用的核心瓶颈在于提取与应用过程中物理稳定性不足。这种不稳定性的根源,是提取过程中大量外源贮藏蛋白(主要为 7S、11S 球蛋白)非特异性吸附在油体表面,易在等电点或环境胁迫下引发桥接絮凝、聚集甚至破乳。现有提升油体稳定性的研究多聚焦于提取后添加多糖、多酚等外源稳定剂,该方式不仅增加了配方复杂度与生产成本,还会掩盖油体本身固有的界面特性;而提取阶段的主流技术中,酶辅助法成本高昂且易因杂蛋白酶活性水解界面结构蛋白,纯水 / 缓冲液水提法会残留大量外源蛋白,强碱调节法则会不可逆地破坏油体膜蛋白与磷脂的天然结构,损害油体的功能特性。因此,如何在提取源头实现界面精准调控,在不破坏油体天然结构与功能的前提下,从根本上提升其稳定性,成为该领域亟待解决的核心科学问题。基于此,本研究创新性地采用亚硫酸钠溶液浸泡大豆提取油体,依托亚硫酸钠 “碱化 - 盐析 - 还原” 的三重协同机制,系统探究了不同亚硫酸钠浓度对大豆油体稳定性、界面行为与结构特性的影响,旨在实现大豆油体纯度与稳定性的同步提升,阐明其分子调控机制,为植物油体的温和、高效提取提供全新的方法学参考与理论依据。

Results

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明确了亚硫酸钠对油体外源蛋白的选择性脱除效应与最优处理浓度

亚硫酸钠可通过碱化、盐析与还原的三重协同作用,高效脱除大豆油体表面吸附的外源贮藏蛋白(7S、11S 球蛋白)与过敏原 Bd 30K/P34,显著提升内源油质蛋白在总蛋白中的相对占比,其中 0.1 M 为最优处理浓度。该浓度下,外源蛋白脱除效果显著,同时可富集界面活性更优的 24 kDa 油质蛋白亚型,最大程度保留了油体膜的天然完整性;而 0.3 M 和 0.5 M 的高浓度处理,会因过强的还原与盐析效应破坏油质蛋白在磷脂层的锚定结构,造成内源蛋白脱落与界面膜受损,反而对油体结构产生负面影响。

阐明了亚硫酸钠对油体界面蛋白构象与分子互作的浓度依赖性调控规律

0.1 M 亚硫酸钠处理可显著优化油体界面蛋白的空间构象,使蛋白二级结构中 β- 折叠含量显著升高、无规卷曲含量降至最低,促进油质蛋白分子间形成连续的氢键网络,同时通过温和的还原作用使蛋白发生可控的部分解折叠,表面疏水性适度提升,为致密界面膜的形成提供了结构基础。而高浓度亚硫酸钠会引发蛋白过度解折叠与非特异性聚集,无规卷曲含量大幅上升,蛋白二硫键构象从稳定的低能态向扭曲的高能态转变,同时破坏了蛋白分子内的氢键网络,最终导致油质蛋白丧失有序的界面活性构象。

揭示了亚硫酸钠处理对油体界面吸附动力学与成膜特性的影响机制

0.1 M 亚硫酸钠处理的油体展现出最优的界面活性,其油水界面张力降至最低,同时蛋白向界面的扩散速率、界面渗透速率与重排速率均达到峰值。外源蛋白的脱除消除了界面区域的空间位阻,使高活性的油质蛋白能快速扩散至油水界面,通过疏水锚定完成界面吸附与有序重排,形成机械强度高、抗聚并能力强的稳定界面膜。而 0.3 M 和 0.5 M 高浓度处理会导致油质蛋白变性聚集,显著降低其界面扩散与重排效率,无法形成连续、稳定的界面膜,最终造成油体界面活性与乳化稳定性的显著下降。

解析了亚硫酸钠对油体宏观分散稳定性与流变学特性的调控效应

0.1 M 亚硫酸钠处理的油体具有最小的平均粒径、最均一的粒径分布与最高的 zeta 电位绝对值,体系内无絮凝、聚并现象,展现出最优的分散稳定性。流变学测试结果显示,该组油体的储能模量(G')、损耗模量(G'')与表观黏度显著高于其他组别,呈现出更强的弱凝胶特性与抗变形能力,在大应变条件下仍能保持优异的结构完整性与弹性回复能力。而 0.3 M 和 0.5 M 高浓度亚硫酸钠处理,会引发油体的桥接絮凝与液滴聚并,粒径显著增大且分布变宽,体系的模量与表观黏度大幅下降,流变学特性严重劣化,油体的结构稳定性与抗形变能力显著丧失。

厘清了亚硫酸钠调控大豆油体品质的双重作用机制

亚硫酸钠对大豆油体纯度与稳定性的调控呈现典型的浓度依赖型双重效应。在 0.1 M 的低浓度下,其碱化、盐析与还原作用处于选择性阈值内,仅通过静电排斥、二硫键断裂促进外源蛋白解聚与脱除,同时优化内源油质蛋白的界面构象,实现油体纯度与稳定性的双重提升;当浓度超过 0.3 M 时,过强的还原与盐析效应超出了内源油质蛋白的结构耐受阈值,引发蛋白变性、脱落与不可逆聚集,破坏油体界面膜的完整性,调控方向从界面优化转为结构破坏,最终导致油体稳定性显著下降。

图文赏析

Graphical abstract

Fig. 1. Extraction of soybean oil bodies by sulfite-mediated sucrose density gradient centrifugation.

Fig. 2. Basic component contents of soybean oil bodies extracted by pretreatment with different concentrations of sodium sulfite (A); D4,3 and ζ-potential before and after the addition of 1% SDS (B); D3,2 after the addition of 1% SDS, as well as the difference value ΔD between D4,3 and D3,2 (C); particle size distribution after the addition of 1% SDS (D); surface hydrophobicity (E).

Fig. 3. SDS-PAGE profiles of oleosins in different oil bodies and the relative content of each band (A); Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of soybean oil bodies extracted via pretreatment with different concentrations of sodium sulfite (B), scale bar = 20 μm.

Fig. 4. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of oleosins from soybean oil bodies extracted by pretreatment with different concentrations of sodium sulfite (A); relative contents of secondary structures of oleosins (B); Raman spectra of oil bodies (C and D); relative contents of different types of disulfide bonds in the disulfide bond region of Raman spectra (E); endogenous fluorescence spectra (F).

Fig. 5. Interfacial tension of soybean oil body emulsion at different concentrations of sodium sulfite 0 M, 0.1 M, 0.3 M and 0.5 M (A); The relationship between the interfacial pressure (π) at the oil/water interface and the square root of time (t1/2) (B); the relationship between ln [ (π3600-πt) - (π3600-π0)] and the time (t) (C); the apparent diffusion rate (Kdiff), permeation rate (Kp) and rearrangement rate (Kr) of soybean oil body emulsion at the oil-water interface (D).

Fig. 6. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as its enthalpy change, denaturation onset temperature and peak temperature (A and B); storage modulus of different oil bodies (C); loss modulus (D); apparent viscosity (E); viscosity coefficient and flow behavior index (F).

Fig. 7. Elastic and viscous Lissajous plots of different oil bodies. Strain amplitudes: 1%, 10%, 50%, 100%.

Fig. 8. Mechanism diagram of the triple synergistic effect of "alkalinity-salting out-reduction" of Na2SO3.

原文链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2026.112830

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000494s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=h_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000892s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000324s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000277s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000507s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000193s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000656s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 528291 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002518s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1778639854 WHERE `id` = 528291 [ RunTime:0.008434s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000309s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 528291 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000827s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 528291 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000767s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 528291 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.016397s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 528291 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.010630s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 528291 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.000762s ]
0.111751s