2 Brazil
In the Espinhaço Mountain Range of in the State of Minas Gerais, a complex agricultural system called "sempre-vivas flowers gatherers" have been developed by local farmers, based on their profound understanding of natural cycles, ecosystems and native flora management, achieving a great harmony with the environment and conservation of biodiversity.
在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州的埃斯平亚索山脉，当地农民发展出了一种名为“sempre-vivas 花采集者”的复杂农业系统。这一系统以农民对自然循环、生态系统以及本地植物的深刻认知为基础，实现了与环境的高度和谐，同时促进了生物多样性的保护。在这种农业模式下，人类活动与自然生态紧密结合，体现了可持续利用本土资源的智慧。
For centuries, Indigenous Peoples and traditional communities in southern Brazil have cultivated erva-mate in shaded agroforestry systems rooted in ancestral and agroecological practices. By integrating food crops, native fruits, and forest products, the system strengthens biodiversity, food sovereignty, and cultural identity, while helping conserve the Araucaria Forest, one of the planet’s most endangered biodiversity hotspots and a vital reservoir of life.
几个世纪以来，巴西南部的原住民和传统社区一直在遮荫农林复合系统中种植马黛茶（Erva-mate），这一体系根植于祖传经验与农业生态实践。
通过将粮食作物、本地水果和林产品结合起来，该系统不仅增强了生物多样性、粮食主权和文化认同，还帮助保护了阿劳卡里亚森林（Araucaria Forest）——地球上最濒危的生物多样性热点之一，也是重要的生命资源库。这一实践体现了人与自然的深度共生，以及传统知识在可持续农业与生态保护中的重要价值。
3 Chile
Chiloé islands is a unique reserve of many species underlying the farmers’ patience and work for millennia, and home of many endemic flora and fauna in danger of extinction. The cultivation of a variety of potatoes (traditionally 800-1,000) is at the center of their traditions, culture, beliefs, social practices, and mythologies.
奇洛埃群岛是一个独特的生态宝库，孕育了众多物种，也展现了农民千百年来的耐心与辛勤劳动。这里拥有许多濒临灭绝的特有动植物，是生物多样性的重要保护区。当地传统农业的核心是多样化的土豆栽培（传统上约有800至1000种），这一农业实践深深融入了群岛的传统、文化、信仰、社会习俗和神话体系中，体现了人与自然长期共生的智慧与文化积淀。
In the southern Andes of Chile, Mapuche-Pehuenche communities have developed a resilient agricultural system combining homegardens, wild plant gathering, and transhumant livestock. Rooted in ancestral knowledge, seasonal rhythms, and a deep connection to the pewen (Araucaria araucana), the system supports food security, protects biodiversity, and promotes sustainable use of mountain ecosystems shaped by centuries of Indigenous stewardship.
在智利南部安第斯山脉，马普切-佩韦恩切（Mapuche-Pehuenche）社区发展出一种韧性强的农业体系，将家庭菜园、野生植物采集和轮牧放牧结合在一起。这一体系扎根于祖传知识、季节性节律以及与佩韦恩树（Araucaria araucana）的深厚联系。它不仅保障了社区的粮食安全，还保护了生物多样性，并促进了山区生态系统的可持续利用，这些生态系统在数百年的原住民管理下得以形成并持续发展。
In northern Chile, Aymara, Quechua, and Likan Antay communities have sustained for millennia a resilient system integrating camelid herding, native crops, and traditional water governance. Women play a key role in seed conservation, food processing, and knowledge transmission. This system ensures food security, conserves agricultural biodiversity, and supports collective management of fragile Andean ecosystems under extreme environmental conditions.
在智利北部，阿伊马拉（Aymara）、**克丘亚（Quechua）和利坎·安泰（Likan Antay）**社区数千年来维持着一种韧性强的农业体系，该体系将骆驼科动物放牧、本地作物种植和传统水治理有机结合。妇女在种子保存、食物加工以及知识传承中发挥着关键作用。该体系不仅保障了粮食安全，还保护了农业生物多样性，同时支持在极端环境条件下对脆弱的安第斯生态系统进行集体管理，实现了人与自然的长期和谐共生。
1 Peru
Andean agriculture has adaptated to the environment for more than 5,000 years. Indigenous agricultural knowledge includes terraces, ridges fields, local irrigation systems, tools and crops/livestock spread at different altitudes. Millennia of experience and selection have led to the domestication of a number of endemic species such as potatoes and quinoa.
安第斯农业已有超过5000年的环境适应历史。当地原住民的农业知识涵盖梯田、畦田、高低海拔作物和畜牧的分布、地方灌溉系统以及传统农具。
数千年的经验积累与选择，使许多特有物种得以驯化，包括土豆和藜麦等。这一长期实践不仅体现了人与高山生态系统的深度协调，也形成了丰富的农业遗传资源和可持续耕作智慧。
3 Mexico
The chinampas agricultural system is an articulated set of floating artificial islands built in a traditional way based on oral transmission chinampera prevailing culture since Aztecs times. They offer high agricultural productivity and great ecological importance, surrounded by canals and ditches and rows of "ahuejotes" native willow species that performs several functions.
Chinampas 农业系统是一种精心构建的浮动人工岛组合，延续自阿兹特克时期的传统文化，通过口传方式代代相传的Chinampera文化得以保持。这些浮岛周围环绕着运河和沟渠，并种植了本地柳树——ahuejotes，发挥多重功能，如固定土壤、调节水分和提供生境。该系统不仅农业产量高，而且具有重要的生态价值，体现了人与水域环境的深度融合与可持续利用智慧。
Ich Kool, the Peninsular Maya milpa, is a traditional agroforestry system, formed by a polyculture that makes for a dynamic living space full of genetic resources. It is also the foundation of a production and sociocultural system characterized by its knowledge and cultural adaptations that Mayan farmers have developed through millennia.
Ich Kool（Peninsular Maya milpa）**是一种传统农林复合系统，由多样化作物种植构成，创造出充满遗传资源的动态生活空间。这一体系不仅是生产体系的核心，也是社会文化体系的基础，体现了玛雅农民数千年来通过经验积累与文化适应所发展出的深厚知识与管理智慧。
For over 3,000 years, farming families in Tlaxcala have sustained the Metepantle system, a terraced mosaic of maize, agave, beans, squash, and wild plants. Rooted in Nahua knowledge, it preserves seeds, supports dryland biodiversity, and anchors local food systems and livelihoods, offering resilience and cultural continuity in one of Mexico’s most climate-vulnerable regions.
在墨西哥特拉斯卡拉州，农户家庭延续了 Metepantle 系统 超过3000年。这一梯田式马赛克农业体系种植玉米、龙舌兰、豆类、南瓜及野生植物。扎根于**纳瓦族（Nahua）**的传统知识，Metepantle 系统不仅实现种子保存、支持干旱地区生物多样性，还稳固了当地粮食系统与生计，为墨西哥最易受气候影响的地区之一提供了韧性和文化延续性。
2 Ecuador
Based on the Andean beliefs system in which all elements are an integral part of each of the beings living on the ′Pacha Mama′ (Mother Earth), Chakras are living places where nature and Cotacachi’s communities have lived in harmony for centuries. They are at the centre of the development of material and symbolic life for Kichwa families and communities. They represent a space for experimentation and exchange and for the in-situ conservation of seeds, which is highly productive and conducive to achieving food sovereignty.
基于安第斯的信仰体系——在“帕查玛玛”（Pacha Mama，母亲大地）上所有元素都是生命整体的一部分——Chakras 是自然与科塔卡奇（Cotacachi）社区数百年来和谐共生的生活场所。
它们是**基奇瓦族（Kichwa）**家庭和社区物质生活与象征生活发展的核心空间，同时也是试验、交流和种子原地保存的重要场所。这一体系不仅产量高，还极大地促进了粮食主权的实现，体现了人与自然长期共生的智慧。
The Andean Chakra is an ancestral agricultural system of the Kichwa Indigenous Peoples in the Ecuadorian Andean region. This outstanding system is characterized by the integration and interconnection of climates, ecosystems, agricultural practices and biodiversity at an altitude ranging from 2 500 to 3 400 m in the Cotacachi Mountains.
安第斯Chakra是厄瓜多尔安第斯地区**基奇瓦族（Kichwa）**的祖传农业体系。这一卓越体系的特点在于气候、生态系统、农业实践与生物多样性的高度整合与互联，形成了一个多层次、多功能的农业网络。Chakra 系统位于科塔卡奇山（Cotacachi Mountains）海拔约2,500至3,400米的高地环境中，实现了在高山脆弱生态条件下的可持续农业与社区生活的和谐共生。
（内容和图片来自粮农组织网）
