从育种到丰收,中国农业正在“智”取未来

六月，黄淮海平原麦浪滚滚，一台台联合收割机“划”过田间，黄澄澄的麦粒“哗啦啦”流进粮箱。截至6月17日，全国已收获夏粮小麦3.18亿亩，收获进度93.73%，丰收已成定局。但很少有人知道，这场丰收的背后，藏着一场从“种子”到“田间”的科技革命。

In June, golden wheat waves stretch across the Huanghuaihai Plain. Combine harvesters glide across the fields, pouring plump golden grains into grain tanks with a clattering rush. As of June 17, summer wheat harvests nationwide covered 318 million mu, marking a completion rate of 93.73%—a bumper harvest is well assured. Few realize, however, that this fruitful season rests on a technological revolution spanning every link from seed to field.

北斗指路，收割机有了“最强大脑”

Beidou Navigation Equips Harvesters with a Super Brain

过去夏收靠人跑断腿，今年夏收看大数据。在山东菏泽郓城，收割机的驾驶室里多了一套“聪明”系统——屏幕上红绿灯一亮，漏粮情况一目了然：绿灯放心跑、红灯立刻停。这套“北斗+智能农机”方案落地后，机收损失率降到了0.7%左右，一亩地少损失10到15公斤粮。

Summer grain harvests once meant farmers trekking endless miles on foot; today, they are steered by big data. In Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong Province, harvester cabs are fitted with an intelligent monitoring system. Traffic lights flash on the screen to instantly reveal grain spillage: green lights signal smooth operation, while red lights call for an immediate halt. Since the rollout of this Beidou plus smart agricultural machinery solution, grain loss during harvesting has fallen to roughly 0.7%, cutting grain wastage by 10 to 15 kilograms per mu.

在河南鹤壁的5G数字农业示范园，穿梭田间的收割机和运粮车都安装了北斗导航终端，行驶速度、作业轨迹乃至机损率，都处于平台的实时监控之中。工作人员通过远程系统就能及时提示机手减速——速度一旦超过每小时10公里，机收损失率就会明显上升。从靠经验到靠数据，科技正在保障每一粒粮食颗粒归仓。

At a 5G digital agriculture demonstration park in Hebi, Henan Province, both harvesters and grain transport vehicles traversing farmland carry Beidou navigation terminals. Their driving speed, working tracks and grain loss rates are monitored in real time on a digital platform. Operators can remotely alert drivers to slow down via the system—harvest losses surge noticeably once travel speed exceeds 10 kilometers per hour. Agriculture is shifting from experience-based judgment to data-driven precision, ensuring every single grain makes its way into granaries.

在山东邹平的无人农场，无人收割机安静地穿行在麦田里，到了地头自动减速、转弯，作业幅宽与前一行严丝合缝。今年这里实现了多机协同规模化作业，从北斗卫星导航到核心控制算法，全链条100%国产化。规模化应用后，田间人工投入减少70%，种子、化肥等农资消耗节省10%。

An unmanned farm in Zouping, Shandong Province, sees driverless harvesters glide silently through wheat fields, automatically slowing and turning at field edges with perfectly aligned working widths matching previous passes. Large-scale coordinated multi-machine operations were realized here this year, with the entire industrial chain—from Beidou satellite navigation to core control algorithms—100% domestically developed. Following large-scale deployment, on-site labor inputs have dropped by 70%, while consumption of agricultural supplies including seeds and fertilizers is cut by 10%.

“吉儿”出手，育种周期从5年缩到1年

Robot Jier Slashes Breeding Cycles from Five Years to One

如果说北斗导航解决的是“怎么收”的问题，那智能育种机器人“吉儿”解决的，就是“种什么”的根本问题。

If Beidou navigation addresses how crops are harvested, Jier, the intelligent crop breeding robot, tackles the fundamental question of what crops to grow.

传统杂交育种完全依赖人工，成本高、效率低。全球每年为此投入近千亿元，仅番茄种子的人工成本就占总成本的25%以上。而“吉儿”的出现，彻底改变了这一局面。这台由中国科学院研发的白色机器人，沿轨道缓缓停下，伸出机械臂，识别、定位、授粉，动作一气呵成。依托深度学习算法，它能在逆光、枝叶遮挡等复杂场景中精准识别花朵，柱头识别准确率达85.1%。单朵花授粉最快仅需15秒。

Conventional crossbreeding relies entirely on manual labor, incurring high costs and low efficiency. Global annual investment in this sector nears 100 billion yuan, with manual pollination costs alone accounting for over 25% of total expenditure on tomato seeds. The advent of Jier has upended this paradigm entirely. Developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the white robot glides along rails, extending a robotic arm to identify, target and pollinate blossoms in one fluid sequence. Powered by deep learning algorithms, it accurately recognizes flowers under complex conditions including backlighting and foliage obstruction, achieving an 85.1% accuracy rate in stigma identification. Pollinating a single flower takes as little as 15 seconds at top speed.

在番茄育种中，“吉儿”与从头驯化技术结合，可将原本5年的育种周期缩短至1年，节省25%以上的人力成本；在大豆育种领域，可节省76.2%的人工授粉时间。从田间表型实时采集到品种选育的智能化决策，智慧育种正逐步实现全过程精准感知与自动控制。

When paired with de novo domestication technology for tomato breeding, Jier condenses the traditional five-year breeding cycle down to one year, slashing labor costs by more than 25%. For soybean breeding, it cuts manual pollination time by 76.2%. Smart breeding delivers full-process precise sensing and automatic control, covering real-time field phenotypic data collection and intelligent decision-making for variety selection.

从种子到粮仓，一场全链条的科技革命

A Full-Value-Chain Technological Revolution from Seed to Granary

从“吉儿”在实验室里为番茄精准授粉，到北斗导航的收割机在麦田里精准作业，中国农业正在经历一场从源头到终端的深刻变革。

From Jier’s precise pollination of tomato blossoms in laboratories to Beidou-guided harvesters working wheat fields with pinpoint accuracy, China’s agriculture is undergoing a profound transformation covering every stage from source to end product.

播种时，搭载北斗导航的无人播种机自动规划最优作业路线，精准把控间距、深度与密度；生长中，遍布田间的传感器如同“千里眼”“顺风耳”，实时回传土壤墒情、病虫害预警数据；收获时，智慧大屏调度十余台农机协同作业；烘干时，智能系统自动匹配最佳烘干曲线，全程无需人工值守。

During sowing, Beidou-equipped unmanned seeders automatically map optimal working routes to precisely control planting spacing, depth and density. Throughout crop growth, sensors scattered across farmlands act as all-seeing eyes and all-hearing ears, transmitting real-time data on soil moisture and pest and disease risk alerts. At harvest, smart digital dashboards coordinate dozens of farm machines for synchronized operations. During grain drying, intelligent systems automatically generate optimal drying curves, eliminating the need for round-the-clock manual supervision.

数据显示，我国农业科技进步贡献率已突破64%。从“会种地”到“慧种地”，从“靠经验”到“靠数据”，科技的触角正延伸到农业的每一个环节。当“吉儿”在温室里为一朵花完成授粉，当北斗导航的收割机在万亩麦田里画出笔直的轨迹，我们看到的不仅是一个丰收的夏天，更是一个“智”取未来的农业新时代。

Official data shows China’s agricultural technological progress contribution rate has surpassed 64%. Farming is evolving from conventional cultivation to smart cultivation, shifting reliance from subjective experience to objective data. Technology permeates every segment of agricultural production. When Jier pollinates a single flower in greenhouses, and Beidou-guided harvesters carve straight tracks across tens of thousands of mu of wheat fields, we witness far more than a summer bumper harvest—we behold a new era of agriculture that claims its future through smart innovation.