双语话农:精准农业

精准农业又称为精确农业或精细农作，发源于美国。精准农业是以信息技术为支撑，根据空间变异，定位、定时、定量地实施一整套现代化农事操作与管理的系统，是信息技术与农业生产全面结合的一种新型农业。精准农业是近年出现的专门用于大田作物种植的综合集成的高科技农业应用系统。

Precision Agriculture, also known as precision farming or fine farming, originated in the United States. Supported by information technology, it is a system that implements a complete set of modern agricultural operations and management in a targeted, timely and quantitative manner according to spatial variability. It is a new type of agriculture that fully integrates information technology with agricultural production. In recent years, precision agriculture has emerged as a comprehensive and integrated high-tech agricultural application system dedicated to field crop cultivation.

PART 01

原理 Principles

精准农业的技术原理是，根据土壤肥力和作物生长状况的空间差异，调节对作物的投入，在对耕地和作物长势进行定量的实时诊断并充分了解大田生产力的空间变异的基础上，以平衡地力、提高产量为目标，实施定位、定量的精准田间管理，实现高效利用各类农业资源和改善环境这一可持续发展目标。实施精准农业不但可以最大限度地提高农业生产力，而且能够实现优质、高产、低耗和环保的农业可持续发展的目标。

The technical principle of precision agriculture is to adjust inputs to crops based on the spatial variability of soil fertility and crop growth conditions. Based on the quantitative real-time diagnosis of farmland and crop growth, and a full understanding of the spatial variability of field productivity, it implements targeted and quantitative precision field management with the goals of balancing soil fertility and increasing yields. This achieves the sustainable development objectives of efficiently utilizing various agricultural resources and improving the environment.The application of precision agriculture can not only maximize agricultural productivity but also realize the sustainable agricultural development goals of high quality, high yield, low consumption and environmental protection.

PART 02

结构Structure

精准农业由十个系统组成：

1. 全球定位系统 — Global Positioning System (GPS)

2. 农田信息采集系统 — Farmland Information Collection System

3. 农田遥感监测系统 — Farmland Remote Sensing Monitoring System

4. 农田地理信息系统 — Farmland Geographic Information System (GIS)

5. 农业专家系统 — Agricultural Expert System

6. 智能化农机具系统 — Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Tools System

7. 环境监测系统 — Environmental Monitoring System

8. 系统集成系统 — System Integration System

9. 网络化管理系统 — Networked Management System

10. 培训系统 — Training System

PART 03

意义Significance

精准农业提高了农业劳动生产率和农资利用率，在大力挖掘潜力、降低成本的同时，减少了化肥、农药、石油对环境的污染，达到经济效益、社会效益、生态效益的同步增长、持续发展。

我国是世界上最主要的农业国家，用占世界7%的耕地解决了世界22%人口的温饱问题，取得了举世瞩目的成就。但是人口增长和土地资源减少的矛盾不可逆转，为了满足经济和人民生活水平日益提高的要求，必须保持农业的持续发展。解决问题的根本出路在于科学技术，形势迫使我们应该启动精准农业技术，寻找发展高效农业的途径。因此精准农业在减少投入、降低成本、减轻环境污染、农产品可控化、标准化和批量化、便于加工、出口等方面均有积极的作用和意义。

Precision agriculture has improved agricultural labor productivity and the utilization rate of agricultural means of production. While tapping potential vigorously and reducing costs, it has reduced environmental pollution from chemical fertilizers, pesticides and petroleum, achieving the simultaneous growth and sustainable development of economic, social and ecological benefits.

As one of the world’s major agricultural countries, China has fed 22% of the world’s population with only 7% of the world’s cultivated land, an achievement that has attracted worldwide attention. However, the contradiction between population growth and the reduction of land resources is irreversible. To meet the ever-increasing demands of the economy and people’s living standards, it is essential to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture.

The fundamental solution to these problems lies in science and technology. Current circumstances compel us to adopt precision agricultural technologies and explore approaches to developing high-efficiency agriculture. Therefore, precision agriculture plays a positive role and holds great significance in reducing input and costs, mitigating environmental pollution, realizing controllable, standardized and large-scale production of agricultural products, and facilitating processing and export.

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