双语话农:农业生物质资源化

农业生物质资源作为农业生产与农产品加工后的副产物，涵盖秸秆、畜禽粪便、枯枝落叶等，以往常被随意丢弃或焚烧，既造成资源浪费，又污染土壤与空气。如今，通过资源化技术将其转化利用，成为农业绿色发展的重要方向，不仅能解决农业废弃物污染难题，更能实现资源循环利用，助力乡村生态振兴与农业可持续发展，构建起生态、经济、社会效益共赢的农业循环体系。

Agricultural biomass resources, as by-products of agricultural production and agricultural product processing, include crop straws, livestock manure, dead branches and fallen leaves, etc. In the past, they were often discarded or burned at will, causing not only resource waste but also soil and air pollution. Nowadays, converting and utilizing them through resource-based technologies has become an important direction of green agricultural development. It can not only solve the problem of agricultural waste pollution, but also realize resource recycling, boost rural ecological revitalization and sustainable agricultural development, and build an agricultural circulation system with win-win ecological, economic and social benefits.

一、秸秆资源化

农作物秸秆是最常见的农业生物质资源，以往田间焚烧秸秆会产生大量有害气体，破坏土壤结构。如今秸秆资源化技术日趋成熟，可将其加工成饲料，喂养畜禽实现种养循环；也能制成生物质燃料，替代煤炭用于供暖发电，减少碳排放；还可粉碎还田，增加土壤有机质，提升耕地肥力。这种多元化利用模式，彻底改变了秸秆的处置方式，让废弃秸秆成为农业生产的 “二次资源”。

Crop straw is the most common agricultural biomass resource. In the past, burning straw in fields produced a large amount of harmful gases and damaged soil structure. Nowadays, straw resource utilization technologies are becoming increasingly mature. It can be processed into feed to feed livestock and poultry, realizing the planting-breeding cycle; it can also be made into biomass fuel to replace coal for heating and power generation, reducing carbon emissions; it can also be crushed and returned to the field to increase soil organic matter and improve cultivated land fertility. This diversified utilization mode has completely changed the disposal method of straw, turning waste straw into a "secondary resource" for agricultural production.

二、畜禽粪便资源化

畜禽养殖产生的粪便，是规模化农业的主要污染源之一，随意堆放会污染水源、滋生细菌。而资源化处理技术通过厌氧发酵、堆肥腐熟等工艺，能将畜禽粪便转化为高效有机肥料，替代部分化肥施用于农田，减少化肥过度使用带来的土壤板结、面源污染问题。同时，粪便发酵过程中产生的沼气，还可作为清洁能源用于农户生活，实现养殖废弃物的 “变废为宝”，推动种养结合生态农业发展。

Livestock manure from breeding is one of the main pollution sources in large-scale agriculture. Random stacking will pollute water sources and breed bacteria. Through processes such as anaerobic fermentation and compost maturation, resource treatment technologies can convert livestock manure into high-efficiency organic fertilizer, which can be applied to farmland instead of part of chemical fertilizers, reducing soil compaction and non-point source pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers. At the same time, biogas produced during manure fermentation can also be used as clean energy for farmers' daily life, realizing "turning waste into treasure" of breeding waste and promoting the development of ecological agriculture integrating planting and breeding.

三、生物质资源化的未来

随着农业科技的不断进步，农业生物质资源化利用正朝着智能化、高效化方向发展。新型生物质处理设备、微生物发酵技术的应用，大幅提升了废弃物转化效率，降低处理成本；同时，生物质资源化产业链不断完善，从收集、运输到加工、销售形成完整体系，解决了农村废弃物分散难处理的问题。未来，这项技术将进一步推广普及，成为减少农业面源污染、实现碳达峰碳中和目标、推动农业向低碳循环转型的核心支撑。

With the continuous progress of agricultural technology, the utilization of agricultural biomass resources is developing towards intelligence and high efficiency. The application of new biomass treatment equipment and microbial fermentation technology has greatly improved waste conversion efficiency and reduced treatment costs; at the same time, the industrial chain of biomass resource utilization is constantly improving, forming a complete system from collection, transportation to processing and sales, solving the problem of scattered rural waste being difficult to treat. In the future, this technology will be further promoted and popularized, becoming a core support for reducing agricultural non-point source pollution, achieving the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and promoting the transformation of agriculture to low-carbon circulation.