近期，安徽农业大学叶冬冬教授团队在《Advanced Materials 》发表研究：“ Liquid Transport-Enhanced Bioinspired Heterogeneous Aerogel Fibers for Flexible Wearable and Outdoor Energy Harvesting System”。
摘要：灵活且可穿戴的能量收集系统对于实现轻便舒适的便携电子产品具有重要意义。其中，具有超轻质和丰富纳米多孔结构的气凝胶纤维，是构建液体定向能量收集平台的理想构件。本文受植物维管束高效水传输行为启发，报告了一种通过微流控纺丝制造的液体运输增强异相气凝胶纤维（HAF）。该纤维由扭曲的表面电荷增强棉芯组成，用于快速液体运输，外覆再生纤维素/碳黑层，增强机械强度并增强水伏能转换。优化芯线扭转水平使液体传输速率提升了1.87倍，增强了固液界面相互作用，使单根5厘米纤维能够稳定输出0.55伏的开路电压，持续超过160小时。此外，多层气凝胶纤维单元的矩阵型串并联集成使系统能够从可穿戴的汗水或户外雨水中收集能量，为GPS设备、户外帐篷照明和基于碳纳米管的电热毯供能。本研究确立了一种仿生液体运输增强设计策略，用于实现灵活、轻便且可持续的气凝胶纤维自供能系统。
图解
FIGURE 1.Bioinspired design and fabrication of heterogeneous aerogel fiber (HAF). (a) Schematic illustration of directional water transport in corn stem vascular bundles, serving as inspiration for the core–shell fiber architecture. (b) Process flow of coaxial microfluidic spinning used for HAF preparation with the hydrovoltaic power generation mechanism driven by twisted core-induced enhanced water transport. (c) Photograph of the fabricated HAF specimen. (d) Comparison of axial water transport velocity between twisted and untwisted fiber cores. (e) Enhanced hydrovoltaic output performance after encapsulation with a regenerated cellulose/carbon black (CB) shell layer.
FIGURE 2.Structural and compositional characterization of HAFs. (a) Analysis of capillary hydraulic forces within twisted cotton yarns. (b) Infrared thermographic comparison of axial water transport before and after core twisting. (c) Comparison of zeta potentials of cotton yarns before and after TEMPO oxidation. (d) SEM images of single cotton yarn and double-twisted yarn bundles. (e) Pore size distribution comparison between twisted and untwisted cotton cores. (f) Cross-sectional SEM image of HAFs showing core-shell morphology (f1), and schematic of 2D Raman imaging for cross-sectional compositional analysis, including corresponding Raman map (f2) and representative Raman spectra (f3). (g) Schematic of X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging of the HAF.
FIGURE 3.Mechanism and performance of electricity generation in HAF. (a) Schematic illustration of the hydrovoltaic electricity generation process within HAFs. (b) Diagram showing the potential difference established between dry and wet zones along the fiber. (c) Schematic of selective ion transport and current generation in dry–wet zones. (d) Effect of TEMPO oxidation duration of cotton yarn on the hydrovoltaic performance. (e) Comparison of electrical output among three different HAF configurations. (f–i) Influence of fiber length (f), electrolyte type (g), ambient temperature (h), and relative humidity (i) on the electrical properties of HAFs.
FIGURE 4.Demonstrated applications of HAFs. (a) Output voltage in series connection of 1–100 HAF strands. (b) Output current in parallel connection of 1–50 strands. (c) Voltage variation across commercial capacitors with different capacitances when ten HAFs are connected in series. (d) Schematic of flexible wearable devices incorporating HAFs (d1) and their integration into clothing for powering GPS modules (d2). (e) Change in electrical output performance of HAFs after 20 washing cycles. (f) Schematic diagram of an integrated HAF-based power supply unit. (g) Integrated unit combined with a tent for outdoor lighting applications. (h) Integrated unit powering a tent combined with heating fabric. (i) Infrared thermal imaging comparison of a carbon fiber heating sheet before (i1) and after (i2) operation with the integrated unit.
结论：
本研究提出了一种液体传输增强设计策略，用于生物启发异相气凝胶纤维（HAFs），通过同轴微流控旋转实现。这些纤维将扭曲的TEMPO氧化棉芯与再生的纤维素/碳黑气凝胶壳体结合在一起，形成层级式芯壳结构，协同加速轴向液体迁移并提升水伏转换效率。通过优化芯心扭转水平和表面电荷，液体传输量提升了1.87倍，使单个5厘米HAF能够稳定输出0.55伏电压，持续超过160小时。导电CB网络不仅增强了机械强度（最高可达35兆帕）和弯曲灵活性，还确保了连续电荷传递以实现长期稳定性。系统性研究显示，电力输出可以通过结构参数和环境条件精确调节，具有对温度、湿度和风速的强大适应性。可扩展矩阵型串并联组件展示了从汗水或雨水中收集水分，直接为低功耗电子设备供电、为超级电容器充电以及驱动纺织集成动力单元的能力。实际演示——包括GPS追踪、户外帐篷照明和可穿戴电热加热——验证了HAF平台在可穿戴和户外场景中的多功能性。总体而言，这项工作呈现了一个可扩展的液体传输驱动水电光纤平台，结合了仿生结构设计与实用功能，实现可持续且轻量化的可穿戴能源收集。
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202523239
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