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CSA | 气候智慧型农业在不同灾害情境下的有效性差异

  • 2026-03-25 15:58:08
CSA | 气候智慧型农业在不同灾害情境下的有效性差异
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论文ID

原名:Climate-smart agriculture as disaster risk reduction: Effectiveness varies by hazard type in Pakistan

译名:气候智慧型农业作为减灾措施,其有效性在巴基斯坦不同灾害类型间存在差异

期刊Climate Smart Agriculture

第一作者及通讯作者:Aziz Ahmed

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.csag.2025.100093

本文亮点

  • 气候智慧型农业的有效性因灾害类型而异:在干旱中表现显著,在洪涝中几乎无效。
  • 阿拉伯海变暖速率自2004年起加速四倍,达到 0.41 ℃/十年。
  • 在分析的23个地区中,易旱的Tharparkar区脆弱性最高。
  • 气候智慧型农业措施可解释干旱高脆弱区域中57%的韧性差异。
  • 需要实施针对性的适应政策,而非“一刀切”的气候智慧型农业策略。

    摘要

    Climate change increasingly threatens agricultural systems globally, with Pakistan ranking among the most climate-vulnerable countries. This study systematically compared climate-smart agriculture (CSA) effectiveness across different disaster types in Sindh Province, Pakistan: riverine flooding (Dadu), drought (Tharparkar), and coastal flooding (Thatta). A multi-scale analysis combined climate data, area-weighted agricultural vulnerability assessment using 3,889 district-crop yield records (2004–2023), and farmer surveys (n=88). Climate analysis showed significant Arabian Sea warming (0.41 ℃ decade⁻¹p < 0.01) with high precipitation variability (coefficient of variation ≈72%). The corrected area-weighted vulnerability assessment ranked Tharparkar most vulnerable (#1, index: 66.23), followed by Thatta (#8, 31.69) and Dadu (#19, 24.77) among 23 districts. Drought analysis identified 2 of 20 years meeting drought criteria (Standardized Precipitation Index ≤ −0.5) in Tharparkar. CSA adoption varied significantly by disaster type (Kruskal-Wallis H= 74.06, p < 0.001). Strong positive correlation between CSA practices and disaster resilience emerged in drought-vulnerable Tharparkar (r = 0.756, p < 0.001, explaining 57% of variance), while flood-prone districts showed negligible relationships (Thatta: r = −0.089, p > 0.05; Dadu: zero variance). Future projections indicate substantial sea-level rise of ~331–751 mm by 2100 across Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios. Results demonstrate CSA practices effectively reduce climate disaster risks in drought-prone systems, but effectiveness varies by disaster type, requiring tailored implementation approaches. This research provides the first systematic evidence comparing CSA effectiveness across different disaster contexts, supporting targeted rather than uniform adaptation policies.

    气候变化正日益威胁全球农业系统,而巴基斯坦是受气候影响最脆弱的国家之一。本研究系统比较了气候智慧型农业(CSA)在不同灾害类型条件下的有效性,研究区域包括巴基斯坦信德省的河流型洪涝(Dadu)、干旱(Tharparkar)和沿海洪涝(Thatta)。研究采用多尺度分析方法,整合气候数据、基于2004–2023 年3,889条地区—作物产量记录的面积加权农业脆弱性评估,以及农户问卷调查(n = 88)。

    气候分析结果显示,阿拉伯海变暖显著(0.41 ℃/十年,< 0.01),降水年际波动强烈(变异系数约72%)。修正后的面积加权脆弱性评估结果表明,在所分析的23个地区中,Tharparkar的脆弱性最高(排名第1,指数66.23),其后为 Thatta(第8,31.69)和 Dadu(第19,24.77)。干旱分析显示,在Tharparkar的20个观测年中,有2年符合干旱标准(SPI ≤ −0.5)。
    CSA 采用强烈依赖灾害类型(Kruskal-Wallis H = 74.06,p < 0.001)。在干旱高脆弱区域Tharparkar,CSA措施与灾害韧性呈显著正相关(r = 0.756,p < 0.001),可解释57%的韧性差异;而在易洪涝地区,该关系微弱或不存在(Thatta:r = −0.089,p > 0.05;Dadu:零方差)。未来情景预测表明,在不同共享社会经济路径(SSP)情景下,至2100年海平面将上升约331–751 mm。
    研究结果表明,CSA可在干旱易发系统中有效降低气候灾害风险,但其有效性随灾害类型显著变化,因此需要实施因地制宜、精准化的应用策略,而非采用统一的普适性方案。本研究首次提供了跨灾害情境比较CSA有效性的系统证据,为制定针对性的气候适应政策提供了科学依据。

    主要结果

    表1 各地区气候风险及脆弱性概况

    综合指数 = 面积加权变异系数(CV)+ 灾害发生频率(≤ 第10百分位产量年份)。排名基于对23个Sindh地区2004–2023年的数据分析。CSA:气候智慧型农业。

    表2 各地区气候智慧型农业(CSA)有效性的统计分析汇总

    所有相关性均指气候智慧型农业(CSA)实践数量与地区层面韧性之间的关系。对于χ²检验,由于期望频数较小,采用蒙特卡洛p值(100,000次模拟)。韧性基于1-4级粮食安全影响尺度进行衡量。“不可估计”表示该地区(Dadu)CSA采用不存在方差,因此无法计算相关系数、p值或效应量。H:Kruskal–Wallis 检验统计量;r:Pearson相关系数;r²:决定系数。

    图1 巴基斯坦信德省三个重点研究地区的位置分布图:Dadu、Tharparkar和Thatta

    图2 (a)2004–2023年阿拉伯海海表温度及其线性趋势与95%置信区间。(b)信德省年降水量及其长期平均值(虚线)。(c)基于欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代再分析资料(ERA5)计算得到的标准化降水指数(SPI)以柱状图形式展示,并按干旱严重程度进行分类。基于气候灾害组红外降水与站点数据集(CHIRPS)计算得到的标准化降水指数以折线形式表示。“轻度干旱”=−1.0 < SPI ≤ −0.5;“正常/偏湿”= SPI > −0.5。ERA5与CHIRPS在干湿符号上的一致性约为90%。

    图3 各地区农业灾害脆弱性评估。(a)综合脆弱性指数排名,其中Tharparkar和Thatta为最高风险的重点地区(红色柱状)。(b)重点地区的风险特征比较图,将灾害损失发生频率与产量变异性进行分布展示,气泡大小代表脆弱性指数的相对大小。CV:变异系数。
    图4 2004–2023年信德省三个地区农业系统的气候灾害影响。(a)各地区的平均产量(kg ha⁻¹);(b)以年际变异系数(%)表示的产量稳定性;(c)在产量处于或低于第10百分位的年份中出现的最大产量损失(%)。干旱高风险地区Tharparkar显示为雨养作物;洪涝高风险地区Dadu和Thatta显示为灌溉作物。
    图5 重点地区气候智慧型农业(CSA)的采用模式及其有效性。(a)各地区气候智慧型农业措施的平均采用率及其标准误,展示区域间实施水平差异;(b)农户在不同准备度(readiness)类别中的分布;(c)气候智慧型农业措施采用程度与韧性得分之间的关系,并展示各地区的趋势线及其置信区间。
    图6 五种共享社会经济路径(SSP)情景(SSP1-1.9、SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP3-7.0、SSP5-8.5)的绝对海平面上升预测值(mm),并标示300 mm(农业影响阈值)和500 mm(严重影响阈值)。(a)各情景的绝对海平面上升量,并标出300 mm与500 mm阈值。(b)各年代中超过不同阈值的情景比例。到2100年,60%的情景 ≥ 500 mm,40%的情景处于300–500 mm范围。

    论文链接

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950409025000541

    引用:

    Ahmed A., Mahar M., Egbedi P., et al., 2026. Climate-smart agriculture as disaster risk reduction: Effectiveness varies by hazard type in Pakistan. Climate Smart Agriculture, 3 (1).

    Homepage:
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/climate-smart-agriculture
    Submission:
    https://www.editorialmanager.com/csag/default2.aspx

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    1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000509s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=h_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
    2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000601s ]
    3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000275s ]
    4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
    5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000488s ]
    6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000198s ]
    7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000735s ]
    8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 482079 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000519s ]
    9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1775467561 WHERE `id` = 482079 [ RunTime:0.003058s ]
    10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000296s ]
    11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 482079 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000716s ]
    12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 482079 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000526s ]
    13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 482079 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001270s ]
    14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 482079 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000858s ]
    15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 482079 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.000969s ]
    0.080429s