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中国农业大学林涛与陈全全团队揭示番茄花粉耐热性调控机制

2026-04-02 05:39:08

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中国农业大学林涛与陈全全团队揭示番茄花粉耐热性调控机制

高温胁迫严重影响作物生殖发育，其中花粉发育是高度热敏感的环节。番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）在高温下常出现花粉育性下降、坐果率降低等问题，严重制约产量。泛素-26S蛋白酶体系统（UPS）在植物逆境应答中起关键作用，但其在花粉热胁迫响应中的调控机制尚不清楚。挖掘花粉特异耐热基因并解析其功能，对培育耐热番茄品种具有重要意义。

中国农业大学林涛教授与陈全全教授团队在番茄中鉴定到一个E3泛素连接酶SlRNF185，并揭示了其通过SlHSFA7-SlRNF185-SlVPS29模块调控花粉耐热性的分子机制。研究发现SlRNF185具有C3HC4型RING-HC结构域，在热胁迫下表达显著上调。酵母双杂交筛选发现SlRNF185与液泡分选蛋白SlVPS29互作，体外泛素化实验表明SlRNF185可催化SlVPS29发生多聚泛素化修饰，并通过26S蛋白酶体途径降解。过表达SlVPS29导致花粉热敏感性增强，而敲除该基因则提升花粉耐热性，热胁迫下SlVPS29蛋白快速降解，且该降解依赖于SlRNF185的泛素化活性。酵母单杂交及双荧光素酶报告实验证实，热激转录因子SlHSFA7直接结合SlRNF185启动子上的热激元件（HSE），激活其表达。

该研究系统阐明了SlHSFA7-SlRNF185-SlVPS29模块在番茄花粉热胁迫响应中的调控机制：SlHSFA7转录激活SlRNF185，后者通过泛素化降解负调控因子SlVPS29，从而增强花粉耐热性及坐果率。该研究不仅揭示了UPS在花粉热适应中的重要作用，也为番茄耐热分子育种提供了新的基因资源与理论依据。

Plant Biotechnology Journal, 6 Feb 2026

Ubiquitination-Mediated Degradation of SlVPS29 by the SlHSFA7-SlRNF185 Module Enhances Tomato Pollen Thermotolerance

Author

Geng X, Yang Q, Li H, Li F, Chen Q*, Lin T*

*: Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

Abstract

High temperature has posed significant challenges to global agriculture, markedly leading to reduced fertility and yield losses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Therefore, thermotolerance-conferring genes and loci are needed to further improve cultivated tomatoes. Here we identified an E3 ubiquitin ligase SlRNF185, containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC domain, that confers tomato pollen thermotolerance. As a predominant ubiquitination member, SlRNF185 could degrade the SlVPS29 protein induced by heat stress to enhance thermotolerance. Mechanistically, we found that a heat shock transcription factor SlHSFA7 dramatically activates the expression of SlRNF185 under heat stress and acts as a positive regulator of tomato pollen thermotolerance. Collectively, our findings reveal that a SlHSFA7-SlRNF185 genetic module regulates ubiquitination-mediated degradation of SlVPS29 under heat stress, providing the strategy for breeding thermotolerance tomato varieties.