黄峰华,刘洪萌 | 农业种植结构调整对农民收入影响的实证分析——以黑龙江省为例

作者信息:

摘要:

“三农”问题的核心是增加农民收入，调整农业种植结构是增加农民收入的重要措施。为明确农业种植结构调整是否增加了农民收入，利用2000—2022年黑龙江省12个地市的面板数据，采用经典面板模型分析农业种植结构调整对农民收入的影响效应，并探讨其作用机制。结果表明：粮食作物种植比例的增加显著促进了农民收入的增长，而经济作物种植比例的增加则对农民收入产生负向影响；作为黑龙江省3大主粮的水稻、玉米和大豆种植比例的增加对农民收入均具有正向影响，其中，种植玉米收益最高，水稻次之，大豆最低；实证分析凸显了国家对边疆农业主产区的粮食补贴、轮作补贴、地力补贴等一系列政策创新对稳定粮食生产、保障农民收益的实际效果。机制分析表明，农业种植结构的调整推动了农业规模化经营和农业技术进步，从而对农民增收有正向促进作用。建议树立大食物观理念，适当调整粮经比例，推进县域经济发展，提供农民本地非农就业机会，并制定以粮食主产区和农民受益为目标的政策支撑体系，以确保农民收入可持续增长。

关键词:

农业种植结构; 农民收入; 粮食作物; 经济作物; 农业规模化经营; 农业技术进步

Empirical Analysis of Impact of Agricultural Planting Structure Adjustment on Farmers' Income: Heilongjiang Province

Abstract:

The core of the “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” is the problem of farmers, adjusting agricultural planting structure is one of the important channels to increase farmers' income. In order to clarify the actual impact and internal mechanism of agricultural planting structure adjustment on farmers' income, panel data from 12 cities in Heilongjiang Province spanning 2000 to 2022 was used, and a classical panel model was adopted to analyze the effect of agricultural planting structure adjustment on farmers' income and explore its mechanism. The results show that the increase in the proportion of grain crops significantly promotes the growth of farmers' income, while the increase in the proportion of cash crops has a significant negative impact on farmers' income.The increase in the proportion of planting areas for rice, corn, and soybeans, which are the three main grains in Heilongjiang Province, has a positive impact on farmers' income. Among them, corn has the highest planting efficiency, followed by rice, and soybeans have the lowest.Empirical analysis highlights the practical effects of a series of policy innovations by the state, such as grain subsidies, crop rotation subsidies, and soil fertility subsidies, in the main agricultural production areas on stabilizing grain production and ensuring farmers' income.The mechanism analysis shows that the adjustment of agricultural planting structure promotes farmers' income by promoting agricultural scale operation and agricultural technology progress. It is recommended to establish a big food concept, appropriately adjust the proportion of grain economy, promote county economic development, provide farmers with local non-agricultural employment opportunities, and formulate a policy support system aimed at the main grain producing areas and farmers to benefit, so as to ensure the sustainable growth of farmers' income.

Key words:

agricultural planting structure; farmers’ income;grain crops; cash crops; scaled agricultural operations; agricultural technological progress

中国技术经济学会《科技和产业》编辑部2026年2月6日