渔业和水产养殖系统中多种非生物胁迫因子的阈值限值界定

Abstract

Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly exposed to multiple abiotic stressors driven by climate change, environmental degradation,and anthropogenic activities. These stressors, including temperature fluctuations, dissolved oxygen depletion, pH alterations,ammonia accumulation, salinity changes, excessive stocking density, and contamination by inorganic and organic pollutants,can adversely affect fish physiology, growth, reproduction, immunity, and survival. The objective of this review is to synthesizecurrent knowledge on threshold limits of major abiotic stressors relevant to fisheries and aquaculture systems and to evaluatetheir individual and interactive effects on aquatic organisms. The review highlights substantial interspecific variation in tolerance limits, greater sensitivity of early life stages, and the importance of considering multiple stressor interactions when definingsustainable environmental thresholds. Evidence indicates that rising temperatures can intensify contaminant toxicity, reducedissolved oxygen availability, and alter salinity and ammonia dynamics, thereby increasing physiological stress in aquatic organisms. A comprehensive literature survey was conducted using major electronic databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus,Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Relevant peer-reviewed research articles, review papers, and technical reportspublished over the past seven decades were identified using appropriate keywords and Boolean search operators. Understandingthese threshold limits is essential for developing science-based management strategies, improving fish welfare and productionefficiency, and supporting adaptive policies for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture under changing environmental conditions.Interestingly, we anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers, aquaculture practitioners, policy-makers, and other stakeholders involved in the sustainable management of aquaculture and fisheries resources.

Keywords

aquaculture, critical limit, emergent contaminants, multiple stressors