【科研试剂】 农业、食品、化工及科研等领域应用 无机化合物 磷酸二氢钾 CAS(7778-77-0)

磷酸二氢钾（化学式：KH₂PO₄，英文名称：Potassiumdihydrogen phosphate），又称磷酸一钾，是一种重要的无机磷酸盐化合物。常温常压下为无色透明四方晶体或白色结晶性粉末，无臭，密度约2.338g/cm³，熔点252.6℃。该物质易溶于水，水溶液呈弱酸性（1%溶液pH约4.2-4.7），在乙醇中几乎不溶，并具有轻微的潮解性。化学性质稳定，加热至约400℃时脱水生成玻璃状偏磷酸钾。

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (chemical formula: KH ₂ PO ₄, English name: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate), also known as monopotassium phosphate, is an important inorganic phosphate compound. Colorless and transparent tetragonal crystals or white crystalline powders at room temperature and pressure

Odorless, with a density of approximately 2.338g/cm ³ and a melting point of 252.6 ℃

This substance is easily soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is weakly acidic (pH of 1% solution is about 4.2-4.7). It is almost insoluble in ethanol and has a slight deliquescence. Chemical properties are stable, and when heated to about 400 ℃, it dehydrates to form glassy potassium metaphosphate。

磷酸二氢钾在农业、食品、化工及科研等领域具有重要应用。在农业上，其作为高效水溶性磷钾复合肥（P₂O₅约52%、K₂O约34%），可通过叶面喷施、滴灌等方式施用，促进作物光合作用、根系发育，增强抗逆性，提升产量与品质。在食品工业中，磷酸二氢钾作为合规食品添加剂（INS 340(i)），发挥酸度调节、缓冲稳定及酵母营养补充等功能。在化工与科研领域，该物质是配制标准缓冲液的关键试剂，用于维持生化及分析体系pH稳定；其晶体（KDP）具有良好的非线性光学与电光性能，是制造激光频率转换器、调制器等高端光学器件的核心材料。此外，磷酸二氢钾还用于医药补充剂及部分抗生素的生产。

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate has important applications in agriculture, food, chemical industry, and scientific research. In agriculture, as an efficient water-soluble phosphate potassium compound fertilizer (P ₂ O ₅ about 52%, K ₂ O about 34%), it can be applied through foliar spraying, drip irrigation, and other methods to promote crop photosynthesis, root development, enhance stress resistance, and improve yield and quality. In the food industry, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used as a compliant food additive (INS 340 (i)) to regulate acidity, stabilize buffering, and supplement yeast nutrition. In the fields of chemical engineering and scientific research, this substance is a key reagent for preparing standard buffer solutions, used to maintain pH stability in biochemical and analytical systems; Its crystal (KDP) has excellent nonlinear optical and electro-optic properties, and is the core material for manufacturing high-end optical devices such as laser frequency converters and modulators. In addition, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is also used in the production of pharmaceutical supplements and some antibiotics.

工业上，磷酸二氢钾主要采用中和法（磷酸与氢氧化钾或碳酸钾反应）制备，亦可通过复分解法、萃取法等工艺生产。其多样化的制备工艺与广泛的应用，体现了该化合物在农业生产、食品加工、高端制造与科学研究中的重要作用。

In industry, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is mainly prepared by neutralization method (reaction of phosphoric acid with potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate), and can also be produced through processes such as double decomposition and extraction. Its diverse preparation process and wide application reflect the important role of this compound in agricultural production, food processing, high-end manufacturing, and scientific research.

分析化学与生物工程

• 缓冲体系制备：用于配制磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS、PB），维持实验体系pH稳定。

• 分析试剂：作为无机磷标准溶液基准物质，用于生化检测（如碱性磷酸酶活性测定）。

• 生物培养：作为酵母及微生物培养的磷源与钾源补充剂。

Analytical Chemistry and Bioengineering

Buffer system preparation: used to prepare phosphate buffer solutions (PBS, PB) to maintain the pH stability of the experimental system.

Analytical reagent: As a reference material for inorganic phosphorus standard solution, used for biochemical detection (such as alkaline phosphatase activity determination).

Biological cultivation: as a phosphorus and potassium source supplement for yeast and microbial cultivation.

食品工业：合规添加剂

依据FAO/JECFA标准，被列为食品添加剂（INS340(i)），主要功能包括：酸度调节剂（调节食品pH值）、缓冲剂（稳定体系酸碱平衡）、酵母营养源（促进发酵）、螯合剂（防止金属离子引起的品质劣变），应用于烘焙食品、清酒酿造及调味品加工。

Food industry: compliant additives

According to the FAO/JECFA standards, it is listed as a food additive (INS340 (i)), with main functions including acidity regulator (adjusting the pH value of food), buffering agent (stabilizing the acid-base balance of the system), yeast nutrient source (promoting fermentation), chelating agent (preventing quality deterioration caused by metal ions), used in baked goods, sake brewing, and seasoning processing.

工业与医药领域

• 电子光学：作为压电/电光元件核心材料，用于激光调制与变频。

• 化工原料：用于合成偏磷酸钾等特种磷酸盐。

• 医药应用：作为低磷血症补充剂，维持细胞酸碱平衡；用于灰黄霉素、卡那霉素等抗生素生产。

Industrial and pharmaceutical fields

Electron optics: As the core material of piezoelectric/electro-optical components, it is used for laser modulation and frequency conversion.

Chemical raw materials: used for synthesizing special phosphates such as potassium metaphosphate.

Medical application: as a supplement for hypophosphatemia, maintaining cellular acid-base balance; Used for the production of antibiotics such as oxytetracycline and kanamycin。

实验室与科研用途

• ‌配制缓冲液‌：常与磷酸氢二钾（K₂HPO₄）组合使用，构建pH 4.0–8.0范围内的磷酸盐缓冲体系，广泛用于生化实验、酶反应和细胞培养‌28。
• ‌分析测定‌：
• 用于测定砷、锑、磷、铝和铁等元素‌。
• 配制磷标准溶液，用于水质或生物样本中磷含量分析‌。
• ‌生物培养基‌：用于单倍体育种培养基、细菌血清检验（如钩端螺旋体培养基）等‌。
• ‌酶学研究‌：用于测定血清中无机磷和碱性磷酸酶活力‌。

Laboratory and scientific research purposes

Preparation of buffer solution: often used in combination with dipotassium dihydrogen phosphate (K ₂ HPO ₄) to construct a phosphate buffer system within the pH range of 4.0-8.0, widely used in biochemical experiments, enzyme reactions, and cell culture.

Analysis and determination:

Used for determining elements such as arsenic, antimony, phosphorus, aluminum, and iron.

Prepare phosphorus standard solution for phosphorus content analysis in water quality or biological samples.

Biological culture medium: used for haploid breeding culture medium, bacterial serum testing (such as leptospira culture medium), etc.

Enzymatic research: used to determine the activity of inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in serum.